{"id":2737,"date":"2026-07-17T10:01:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T02:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/?post_type=news&#038;p=2737"},"modified":"2026-07-17T10:24:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T02:24:06","slug":"du-an-trang-thiet-bi-chan-nuoi-ga-thit-tron-goi-tai-uganda-danh-dau-cot-moc-quan-trong-trong-viec-xay-dung-trang-trai-gia-cam","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/news\/turnkey-broiler-chicken-farming-equipment-project-in-uganda-marks-milestone-in-poultry-farm-construction\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i t\u1ea1i Uganda \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trang tr\u1ea1i gia c\u1ea7m"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>A turnkey broiler chicken farming equipment project in Uganda has completed its final commissioning phase and entered operation. Located in Wakiso District near Kampala, the project demonstrates how integrated broiler chicken farming equipment and end-to-end poultry farm construction can help establish modern poultry production capacity in East Africa.<\/p>\n<p>The project was designed as a complete turnkey poultry farm solution, covering early-stage site survey, poultry farm feasibility study, poultry house construction, equipment installation, commissioning, staff training and long-term operation support.<\/p>\n<p>For commercial broiler farm investors, this project provides a practical reference for building a modern poultry production facility with automatic feeding, nipple drinking, ventilation, climate control and smart growth monitoring systems.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2740\" src=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/554923.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"951\" height=\"714\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/554923.webp 1440w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/554923-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/554923-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/554923-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/554923-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Project Background<\/h2>\n<p>The project began with an extensive land survey and geotechnical assessment conducted by agricultural engineers. Before construction, a poultry farm feasibility study was carried out to evaluate market demand, feed supply logistics and the impact of local climate on poultry production.<\/p>\n<p>The project team worked to ensure that the broiler farm design could meet international standards while adapting to Uganda\u2019s local conditions, including soil composition, rainfall patterns and ambient temperature ranges.<\/p>\n<p>This early planning helped create a stronger foundation for the following poultry house construction and equipment installation stages.<\/p>\n<h2>Poultry House Construction and Steel Structure<\/h2>\n<p>After the planning phase, poultry house construction began with the erection of galvanized steel frames.<\/p>\n<p>The steel structure was engineered to withstand the region\u2019s heavy rain seasons while providing an open-span design for efficient equipment layout. &#8220;Our poultry farm consultant worked closely with Ugandan agricultural authorities from day one,&#8221; explained the project director. &#8220;We needed to ensure that the broiler farm design not only met international standards but was also adapted to Uganda&#8217;s specific conditions\u2014from soil composition to rainfall patterns and ambient temperature ranges.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng khung th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a m\u01b0a l\u1edbn \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ecbp m\u1edf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 trong 12 tu\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 80 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y<a href=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/danh-muc\/cong-trinh-nha-chan-nuoi-gia-cam-bang-ket-cau-thep\/\"><strong> steel structure poultry house design supports<\/strong><\/a> the installation of modern broiler chicken farming equipment and provides the physical foundation for future farm operation and expansion.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2739\" src=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-1-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"752\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-1-1.webp 1439w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-1-1-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-1-1-1024x769.webp 1024w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-1-1-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-1-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1002px) 100vw, 1002px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Broiler Chicken Farming Equipment<\/h2>\n<p>As the <a href=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/ve-chung-toi\/\">nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m<\/a> for the project, the technology partner delivered a complete equipment solution for modern broiler production.<\/p>\n<p>The core broiler chicken farming equipment includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Automated feeding systems with precision feed distribution<\/li>\n<li>Nipple drinking lines with pressure regulators<\/li>\n<li>Poultry ventilation system with climate control<\/li>\n<li>Smart weighing and growth monitoring technology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These systems are designed to work together to create a more stable production environment for broiler farming.<\/p>\n<h2>Automated Feeding System<\/h2>\n<p>The automated feeding system supports precision feed distribution across the poultry house.<\/p>\n<p>For commercial broiler farms, feeding consistency is important for flock uniformity, growth performance and production management. The automatic feeding system helps reduce manual feeding work and supports more efficient daily farm operation.<\/p>\n<h2>Nipple Drinking Lines with Pressure Regulators<\/h2>\n<p>The project uses nipple drinking lines with pressure regulators.<\/p>\n<p>This drinking system supports stable water supply for broilers while helping maintain cleaner poultry house conditions. It is an important part of the complete broiler house equipment system and supports daily flock management.<\/p>\n<h2>Poultry Ventilation and Climate Control<\/h2>\n<p>The project includes a <a href=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/bo-phan-huong-dan-luong-khong-khi\/\">poultry ventilation system with climate control.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The system is designed to help manage the poultry house environment under Uganda\u2019s local conditions. Combined with the steel structure poultry house and modern broiler equipment layout, the ventilation system supports a more stable growing environment for broilers.<\/p>\n<h2>Smart Weighing and Growth Monitoring<\/h2>\n<p><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb: \u0110\u01b0a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai ngay sau khi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<br \/>\nY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho \u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<br \/>\n\u2022\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho v\u00fa b\u00f2 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<br \/>\n\u2022H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<br \/>\n\u2022C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e2n th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t,<\/strong>&#8221; noted the technical installation manager. &#8220;We&#8217;ve configured everything from the feed augers to the<a href=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/thiet-bi-chieu-sang\/\"><strong> lighting systems<\/strong><\/a> to create the optimal growing environment for Ugandan conditions.&#8221;<br \/>\nC\u00e1c chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh, gi\u00fap tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4-\u0111un cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi trang tr\u1ea1i t\u0103ng quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2741\" src=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/44.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"977\" height=\"681\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/44.webp 1501w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/44-300x209.webp 300w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/44-1024x714.webp 1024w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/44-768x536.webp 768w, https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/44-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 977px) 100vw, 977px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Cage Design for Tropical Climate<\/h2>\n<p>The cages for poultry were specially designed for the tropical climate. The system uses enhanced airflow features and easy-to-clean surfaces to support biosecurity protocols.<\/p>\n<p>The modular design also allows for future expansion as the farm increases production capacity.<\/p>\n<h2>Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a trao tay bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i g\u00e0, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>We didn&#8217;t just deliver buildings and machines\u2014we transferred knowledge,<\/strong>&#8221; said the training coordinator. &#8220;<strong>Our team spent three weeks on-site working with Ugandan technicians to ensure they can independently operate and maintain every system.<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee3t g\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m 45.000 con m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a trang tr\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2>Project Launch and Initial Operation<\/h2>\n<p>The first flock of 45,000 day-old chicks was introduced after commissioning, marking the official operational launch of the project.<\/p>\n<p>Early performance indicators showed excellent uniformity and mortality rates below the regional average, confirming the effectiveness of the integrated poultry farm construction and equipment solution.<\/p>\n<h3>Economic Impact<\/h3>\n<p>The project is expected to produce more than 800,000 broilers annually, increasing the supply of affordable poultry protein in the Ugandan market.<\/p>\n<p>It has also created 65 permanent jobs in farm operation, maintenance and administration.<\/p>\n<p>For the local poultry industry, this turnkey broiler chicken farming equipment project demonstrates how modern farm construction and automatic poultry equipment can support larger-scale and more efficient broiler production.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h3>\n<p>The project owners have announced plans for a second phase that will double capacity and add a hatchery and feed mill.<\/p>\n<p>This future expansion is planned to create a more complete poultry value chain in the region, connecting broiler production with upstream and supporting facilities.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/h3>\n<p>This Uganda project shows how a complete turnkey poultry farm solution can support modern broiler production.<\/p>\n<p>The project combines:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Site survey and geotechnical assessment<\/li>\n<li>Poultry farm feasibility study<\/li>\n<li>Steel structure poultry house construction<\/li>\n<li>Automated feeding system<\/li>\n<li>Nipple drinking system<\/li>\n<li>Poultry ventilation and climate control<\/li>\n<li>Smart weighing and growth monitoring<\/li>\n<li>Cage design adapted to tropical climate<\/li>\n<li>Commissioning and staff training<\/li>\n<li>Long-term operation support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For broiler farm investors, this project provides a practical model for building a modern poultry production facility with efficient layout, automatic equipment and trained local operators.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>The Uganda turnkey broiler chicken farming equipment project demonstrates how integrated poultry farm construction and automatic broiler equipment can support modern poultry production in East Africa.<\/p>\n<p>With galvanized steel structure poultry houses, automated feeding, nipple drinking, ventilation, climate control, smart weighing, growth monitoring, commissioning and staff training, the project provides a complete reference for commercial broiler farm development.<\/p>\n<p>This case also shows the value of working with a poultry farm equipment supplier capable of delivering design, construction, equipment installation, commissioning and training as one complete turnkey poultry farm solution.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n: M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i t\u1ea1i Uganda \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n Wakiso, g\u1ea7n Kampala, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trang tr\u1ea1i gia c\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ea7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Phi. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":2738,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-2737","news","type-news","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/2737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2737"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/poultryequipmentmanufacturers.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}